Difficulty passing Urine (women).

Difficulty passing Urine (women). Most of the women with difficulty in passing urine or who are on repeated urethral dilatations do not have urethral stricture. Instead, non-visible (functional) obstructions are more common. Urethral dilatation without getting to the cause does not serve well in all women with poor flow of urine, urinary retention or recurrent UTI. Getting to the cause requires investigating with a video Urodynamics and if required, a urethro-cystoscopy.
Links to Some of the publications that I have referred to while making the video are provided.

1. Office dilation of the female urethra: a quality of care problem in the field of urology. Santucci and colleagues . Urologic Diseases in America Project. J Urol. 2008 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18804232/
2. Khattar, N. (2021). Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Whom to Work Up and What to Look for?. In: Khattar, N., Nayyar, R., Panda, A. (eds) Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Urethral Reconstruction. Springer, Singapore.
   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8521-0_2